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Patient Presentations Related to the Integumentary System
Patient presentations span all ages and gender identities, reflecting patients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and abilities and their reasons for presenting to osteopathic physicians in varied clinical settings.
| 10.1 Hair and Scalp Disorders | |
| 10.2 Cyanosis/Pallor/Pigmentation Disturbances and Disorders of Coloration | |
| 10.3 Nail Disorders | |
| 10.4 Lesions/Ulcers/Masses | |
| 10.5 Pruritus | |
| 10.6 Rashes, Exanthems, and Acne | |
| 10.7 Burns | |
| 10.8 Wounds | |
| 10.9 Urticaria and Angioedema | |
| 10.10 Dermatologic Presentations of Systemic Disease | |
| 10.11 Sweating Disorders | |
| 10.12 Bites/Stings/Infestations | |
| 10.13 Physical Exam Findings Related to the Integumentary System | |
| 10.14 Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing Related to the Integumentary System |
Clinical presentations in this category may include, but are not limited to, the following conditions or situations prompting patients to present for osteopathic medical care:
| Carcinoma | basal cell • melanoma • squamous cell |
| Dermatologic disorders | keratotic disorders • lichen sclerosus et atrophicus • neurofibromatosis • precancerous lesions • Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Hair-related disorders | alopecia • folliculitis • hypertrichosis |
| Infections | |
| bacterial: | cellulitis • impetigo |
| fungal: | candidiasis • tinea |
| parasitic: | pediculosis • scabies |
| viral: | herpes simplex • varicella |
| Inflammatory and immunologic disorders | acne • bullous pemphigoid • dermatitis • discoid lupus erythematosus • eczema • lichen planus • mast cell activation disorders • pemphigus vulgaris • psoriasis • rosacea • urticaria |
| Pigmentation disorders | nevi • solar lentigo • vitiligo |
| Sweat gland-related disorders | bromhidrosis • hidradenitis suppurativa • hyperhidrosis • miliaria |
| Trauma and wounds | abrasions/lacerations • bites and stings (human, animal, insect) • burns (chemical, electrical, thermal; sunburn) |
| Ulcers | arterial • pressure • venous |
| Ungual disorders | nail bed injury • onychomycosis • paronychia • subungual hematoma |
CONSTITUTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- anorexia
- chills
- fatigue
- fever
- generalized weakness
- jaundice
- malaise
- night sweats
- unintentional weight loss
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS AND EVALUATIONS
- abrasions
- asymmetrical lesions
- atrophy
- Auspitz sign
- beau lines
- blanching
- bullae/vesicles
- carbuncles
- Chapman reflexes
- contusions
- dermatographia
- discharge
- erosion
- excessive skin moisture
- furuncles
- Janeway lesions
- koilonychia
- lacerations
- macules/patches
- Muehrcke lines
- Nikolsky sign
- nodules/cysts
- pallor
- palpatory findings
- papules
- petechiae/purpura
- pitting
- plaques
- pustules
- scaling
- skin discoloration
- skin thickening
- splinter hemorrhages
- temperature change
- tender points
- tenderness
- Terry nails
- urticaria
- viscerosomatic/
somatovisceral reflexes
LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
- allergy testing
- autoimmune testing
- complete blood count
- complete metabolic profile
- CT scanning
- cytology
- culture and sensitivity
- dermatoscopy
- fungal cultures
- Gram staining
- microscopy
- MRI
- sedimentation rate
- skin biopsy
- ultrasonography
- viral cultures
- Wood lamp examination