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Patient Presentations Related to Human Development, Reproduction, and Sexuality
Patient presentations span all ages and gender identities, reflecting patients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and abilities and their reasons for presenting to osteopathic physicians in varied clinical settings.
| 2.1 Sexual Development and Maturation, Including Variations in Sexual Development and Gender Identity | |
| 2.2 Aging Milestones | |
| 2.3 Developmental Delay | |
| 2.4 Congenital Anomalies, Malformations, Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiency Disorders | |
| 2.5 Failure to Thrive | |
| 2.6 Infertility | |
| 2.7 Pregnancy Prevention and Contraception | |
| 2.8 Obstetrics, Including Labor and Delivery | |
| 2.9 Complications During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period | |
| 2.10 Pregnancy Loss | |
| 2.11 Neonatal Conditions | |
| 2.12 Impairment of Sexual Function | |
| 2.13 Physical Exam Findings Related to Human Development, Reproduction, and Sexuality | |
| 2.14 Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing Related to Human Development, Reproduction, and Sexuality |
Clinical presentations in this category may include, but are not limited to, the following conditions or situations prompting patients to present for osteopathic medical care:
| Abortion and pregnancy loss | complete • elective • incomplete • inevitable • missed • recurrent • spontaneous • therapeutic • threatened |
| Antepartum care | calorie consumption • dermatologic changes • multiple gestation • physiologic changes of pregnancy • preconception counseling |
| Congenital/genetic neonatal anomalies or malformations | androgen insensitivity • branchial cyst • congenital adrenal hyperplasia • congenital hypogonadism • craniosynostosis • Down syndrome • Klinefelter syndrome • laryngomalacia • pyloric stenosis • thyroglossal duct cyst • Turner syndrome • virilization • Wilson disease |
| Congenital neonatal immunodeficiencies | ataxia-telangiectasia • chronic granulomatous disease • DiGeorge syndrome • hyper IgM syndrome • severe combined immunodeficiency • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
| Contraception | abstinence and fertility awareness • barrier methods • implantable • injectable • oral • surgical (tubal ligation, vasectomy) • vaginal rings |
| Developmental milestones | |
| by domain: | cognitive • language/communication • physical (gross/fine motor) • social/emotional |
| by life stage: | infant • child • adolescent • adult • geriatric |
| Fertility assistance | embryo harvesting, storage, and implantation • infertility evaluation • in vitro fertilization |
| Fetal growth abnormalities | intrauterine growth restriction • large for gestational age • small for gestational age |
| Gender in reproduction | differences of sexual development • gender-affirming care • reproductive health care for transgender patients |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn | ABO incompatibility • Rh isoimmunization |
| Maternal, fetal, and neonatal infections | fetal and neonatal (antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum) • maternal bacterial (gonococcal, streptococcal) • maternal viral (TORCH) • neonatal sepsis |
| Labor and delivery | bloody show • labor induction • preterm labor • rupture of membranes • stages of labor • uterine rupture |
| Medical complications during pregnancy | appendicitis • cholecystitis • diabetes • hypertension • hypoglycemia • hypothyroidism • pyelonephritis • substance misuse |
| Neonatal integumentary conditions | erythema toxicum • milia • seborrheic dermatitis • vascular birthmark |
| Placental abnormalities | abruptio placentae • gestational trophoblastic disease • hydatidiform mole • placenta accreta • placenta marginatum • placenta previa • placental insufficiency |
| Postpartum care | lactation • postpartum depression • postpartum hemorrhage • postpartum psychosis |
| Pregnancy complications | cervical insufficiency • eclampsia • ectopic pregnancy • HELLP syndrome • hyperemesis gravidarum • oligohydramnios • polyhydramnios • preeclampsia |
| Preterm infant complications | necrotizing enterocolitis • patent ductus arteriosus • retinopathy of prematurity |
| Reproductive and sexual maturity milestones | menarche • menopause • perimenopause • puberty |
| Sexual dysfunction | dyspareunia • erectile dysfunction • priapism • reduced/absent desire, arousal, or orgasm • vaginismus |
| Transient neonatal conditions | birth injury • colic • glycogen storage disorders • hydrocele • hyperbilirubinemia • hypotonic infant • meconium ileus • respiratory distress of the newborn (meconium aspiration, tachypnea) • transient hypogonadism |
CONSTITUTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- anorexia
- chills
- fatigue
- fever
- generalized weakness
- jaundice
- malaise
- night sweats
- unintentional weight loss
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS AND EVALUATIONS
- Apgar scoring
- bimanual ovarian and uterine palpation
- cervical examination in labor
- Chapman reflex
- external genitalia inspection and palpation
- fetal status indicators
- gynecologic speculum examination
- Leopold maneuvers
- pallor
- symphysis fundal height
- sexual maturity rating (Tanner stage)
- tender points
- viscerosomatic/
somatovisceral reflexes
LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
- amniocentesis
- β-HCG level
- bilirubin levels
- biophysical profile
- blood gas analysis
- bone age measurement
- bone density studies
- cervical culture and sensitivity
- colposcopy
- CT scanning
- endometrial biopsy
- fetal heart rate tracing
- genetic screening
- glucose tolerance testing
- Gram staining
- hemoglobin electrophoresis
- karyotyping
- lactic acid level
- lumbar puncture
- MRI
- newborn screening testing
- prenatal laboratory panel
- prolactin level
- radiography
- semen analysis
- sex hormone levels
- tocography
- ultrasonography